2/4/2024 0 Comments Predator vs prey mindset![]() ![]() In this paper, we offer an overview of the influence that emotions have had on the relationships between wildlife and people through time. Understanding the transcendence of the emotional factors triggered by animals on human beings would improve our knowledge on the human dimensions of wildlife conservation. This relationship between human emotions and attitudes has an effect on the presence, absence, and recovery of wildlife populations ( Herzog and Burghardt, 1988). In contrast, emotions, such as happiness, which comes out when cherished species are seen in a given place, or sadness before the vulnerability of others, may generate positive attitudes for their conservation ( Prinz, 2004). Fear, anger, and disgust are emotions generating attitudes and behaviors against the presence of some species ( Fritts et al., 2003 Jacobs, 2012). Societies have developed a cultural predisposition for emotional reactions toward wild animals ( Kellert and Wilson, 1993), causing either positive or negative effects depending on the species ( York and Longo, 2017). Human–wildlife relationships have relied on the uses, values, and meanings that animals represent for people through time and space in different cultures ( Driscoll, 1995 Prokop et al., 2010). Human–wildlife conflicts have motivated animal killings for centuries, which in many cases continue nowadays ( Woodroffe, 2001). The very diverse and continuous human–wildlife interactions can be seen from three main perspectives: (1) Utilitarian, in which wild species provide goods for human well-being, such as food, clothing, transport, tools, raw materials, and companionship, among others (2) Affective, where human beings feel sympathy, admiration, and respect for animals because of religious, mystical, or philosophical reasons ( Kellert et al., 1996), which has greatly contributed to cultural development worldwide ( Herzog and Galvin, 1992 Alves, 2012) and (3) Conflictive, because of the real or potential damage that wild species may inflict on people and their interests (e.g., attacks on humans, livestock predation, damage on crops, and infrastructure, among others Lescureux and Linnell, 2010). Since our origins, wildlife has always had a very important role in human life. ![]() Furthermore, we associated the conservation status of wildlife species identified in the study with human emotions to discuss their relevance for emerging conservation strategies, particularly focused on endangered species promoting ambiguous emotions in different social groups. Likewise, sadness is an emotion expressed for the threatening situations that animals are currently facing. However, in some social groups these animals have promoted emotions such as happiness due to their values for people. This is likely due to the perceptions, beliefs, and experiences that societies have historically built around them. Large predators such as wolves, coyotes, bears, big felids, and reptiles, such as snakes and geckos, promote mainly anger, fear, and disgust. We identified a controversy about these emotions. An analysis of the emotions on wildlife and factors causing them is described in this study. We reviewed academic databases to identify previous studies on this topic worldwide. ![]() ![]() The objective of this review was to identify the main emotions that humans show toward wildlife species and the impact of such emotions on animal population management. This has allowed building several kinds of relationships that have promoted different emotions in human societies. 2Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, BrazilĪnimals have always been important for human life due to the ecological, cultural, and economic functions that they represent.1El Colegio de la Frontera Sur – Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Mexico.Naranjo 1 Dídac Santos-Fita 2* Erin Estrada-Lugo 1 ![]()
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